Canada — Trudeau governments (2015–2025)
Canada
Basis for the estimate: Carbon pricing, cannabis legalization, gun restrictions, high immigration.
Official system and how it worked in practice
| Official system | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
|---|---|
| In practice, 2015–2019 | Liberal democracy electoral democracy plus strong rule of law, judicial and legislative checks, and protected individual rights |
| In practice, 2020 | Electoral democracy free and fair multiparty elections and basic freedoms |
| In practice, 2021 | Liberal democracy electoral democracy plus strong rule of law, judicial and legislative checks, and protected individual rights |
| In practice, 2022–2025 | Electoral democracy free and fair multiparty elections and basic freedoms |
“In practice” is V-Dem’s Regimes of the World classification for Canada, 2015–2025, from expert-coded data (V-Dem Regimes of the World (v2x_regime), V-Dem dataset v16, March 2026). V-Dem codes each country as it stood at the end of each year, so the first and last years can reflect the previous or next government. The official system is the constitutional form during the period.
Political placement
| Map dimension | Score (0–100) | Position | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Collective / planned ↔ Market | 46 | near the center | |
| Social Progressive ↔ Traditional | 10 | strongly toward progressive | |
| Authority Libertarian ↔ Authoritarian | 35 | toward libertarian | |
| National identity Cosmopolitan ↔ Nationalist | 15 | toward cosmopolitan | |
| Foreign policy Non-intervention ↔ Intervention | 55 | near the center |
All nine underlying dimensions
| Dimension | Score | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Economic ownership Collective ownership ↔ Private ownership | 53 | near the center |
| Civil liberties Civil liberty ↔ State restrictions | 54 | near the center |
| National identity Cosmopolitan ↔ Nationalist | 15 | toward cosmopolitan |
| Social and cultural values Progressive ↔ Traditionalist | 10 | strongly toward progressive |
| Political governance Democratic ↔ Autocratic | 15 | toward democratic |
| Equality and hierarchy Egalitarian ↔ Hierarchical | 36 | near the center |
| Economic management Free market ↔ State planning | 64 | near the center |
| Military intervention Non-intervention ↔ Intervention | 55 | near the center |
| Religion and government Secular state ↔ Religious authority | 10 | strongly toward secular state |
Country and government scores interpret the policies of a specific government or period; they are not an authoritative ranking of countries, and official constitutional structures can differ from how power is exercised in practice. How scores are made.
Key positions (estimated)
| Statement | Position | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Religious doctrine should take precedence over civil law when they conflict. | Strongly disagrees | estimated |
| Opposition parties should be free to compete in elections. | Strongly agrees | estimated |
| A naturalized citizen can belong to the nation as fully as someone born there. | Strongly agrees | estimated |
| Hate speech should be a criminal offense. | Strongly agrees | from their record |
| Healthcare should be provided to everyone by the government and paid for through taxes. | Strongly agrees | from their record |
| Same-sex couples should have the same right to marry as opposite-sex couples. | Strongly agrees | estimated |
| Paid sick leave and paid parental leave should be guaranteed by law. | Strongly agrees | from their record |
| Society works best when established social hierarchies are respected. | Strongly disagrees | estimated |
| Non-intervention should be the default even when allies request military assistance. | Strongly disagrees | estimated |
| Medical gender transition should not be available to minors. | Strongly disagrees | estimated |
Closest ideologies
Progressive Liberalism92% similar positionModern Liberalism91% similar positionSocial Liberalism91% similar positionSocial Democracy88% similar positionLiberal Democracy87% similar position
Most similar governments
Germany — Federal government (2021–2025)94% similarNetherlands — Jetten government (2026–present)91% similarNorway — Government (2021–present)90% similarUnited States — Obama administration (2009–2017)90% similarCanada — Carney government (2025–present)89% similar
Sources
- Wikipedia: Premiership of Justin Trudeau (Wikipedia search)
Last reviewed October 11, 2026.