Pope Leo XIII
Historical and international
Photo: Braun et Compagnie, Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
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Position estimated from: Rerum Novarum (1891): defense of private property with workers' rights; Catholic social teaching.
Political compass placement
| Map dimension | Score (0–100) | Position | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic Collective / planned ↔ Market | 58 | near the center | |
| Social Progressive ↔ Traditional | 97 | strongly toward traditional | |
| Authority Libertarian ↔ Authoritarian | 54 | near the center | |
| National identity Cosmopolitan ↔ Nationalist | 60 | near the center | |
| Foreign policy Non-intervention ↔ Intervention | 40 | near the center |
All nine underlying dimensions
| Dimension | Score | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Economic ownership Collective ownership ↔ Private ownership | 66 | toward private ownership |
| Civil liberties Civil liberty ↔ State restrictions | 53 | near the center |
| National identity Cosmopolitan ↔ Nationalist | 60 | near the center |
| Social and cultural values Progressive ↔ Traditionalist | 100 | strongly toward traditionalist |
| Political governance Democratic ↔ Autocratic | 55 | near the center |
| Equality and hierarchy Egalitarian ↔ Hierarchical | 80 | toward hierarchical |
| Economic management Free market ↔ State planning | 54 | near the center |
| Military intervention Non-intervention ↔ Intervention | 40 | near the center |
| Religion and government Secular state ↔ Religious authority | 89 | strongly toward religious authority |
These positions are estimates on the Atlas’s nine-dimension scale, produced by running the available evidence through the same questions and scoring used for test-takers. They are interpretations for comparison, not objective measurements. How scores are made.
Key positions
| Statement | Position | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| The means of production should ultimately be owned collectively. | Strongly disagrees | from their record |
| Abortion should be illegal in most or all cases. | Strongly agrees | from their record |
| The state should not give any religion an official or favored status, even if other faiths can still worship freely. | Strongly disagrees | from their record |
| Opposition parties should be free to compete in elections. | Strongly agrees | estimated |
| Central economic planning is preferable to decentralized market decisions. | Strongly disagrees | estimated |
| Differences in wealth are acceptable when they result from individual achievement. | Strongly agrees | from their record |
| National borders should become less important over time. | Strongly disagrees | estimated |
| People should be free to criticize the government without fear of legal punishment. | Agrees | estimated |
| Military power should be used proactively when serious external threats are emerging. | Disagrees | estimated |
| Reducing the gap between rich and poor should be a major government goal. | Disagrees | estimated |
Closest ideologies
Theoconservatism87% similar positionPolitical Catholicism86% similar positionSocial Conservatism85% similar positionChristian Nationalism85% similar positionMonarchism85% similar position
Similar and contrasting figures
Thomas Aquinas92% similar · Historical and internationalConfucius88% similar · Historical and internationalMichael Knowles88% similar · CommentatorsJD Vance86% similar · US politiciansNarendra Modi86% similar · Historical and internationalPeter KropotkinContrasting: 39% similarMikhail BakuninContrasting: 40% similarVaushContrasting: 44% similar
Sources
Profile last reviewed October 11, 2026.